The main objective of this article is to establish a new model and find some vortex axisymmetric solutions of finite core size for this model. We introduce the hydrodynamical equations governing the atmospheric CIRCULATION over the tropics, the Boussinesq equation with constant radial gravitational acceleration. Solutions are expanded into series of Hermite eigenfunctions. We find the coefficients of the series and show the convergence of them. These equations are critically important in mathematics. They are similar to the 3D Navier-Stokes and the Euler equations. The 2D Boussinesq  equations preserve some important aspects of the 3D Euler and Navier-Stokes equations such as the vortex stretching mechanism. The inviscid 2D Boussinesq equations are known as the Euler equations for the 3D axisymmetric swirling flows.This model is the most frequently used for buoyancy-driven fluids, such as many largescale geophysical flows, atmospheric fronts, ocean CIRCULATION, clued dynamics. In addition, they play an important role in the Rayleigh-Benard convection.

Double diffusive convection (DOC) is a common phenomenon which is often associated with temperature inversion (increase of T with depth) (TI) for the greater part of the world's oceans. The fact that TI with widely varying properties (thickness, intensity, and stability) occurs quite often in the ocean and that they are, as a rule, hydrostatically stable, has attracted special attention. Here we investigate the structure of temperature inversions in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. TI regions in the Persian Gulf is" observed in the winter time at depth of about 40 m, but are observed in the Persian Gulf outflow in Oman sea at a depth of about 250 m in summer and winter. In the Persian Gulf, the diffusive regime of DOC is often observed and the density ratio is in the range of 0.2-0.7. In Oman sea the finger as well as the diffusive regimes are observed with density ratio of about 0.4 TI in the Persian Gulf is also found to be more intensive than that of the Oman's. TI often appear in the boundary of outgoing water of the Gulf and incoming water of open sea, a region prone to instability (large scale) and eddy for motion. Using a relation of ΔS= aΔT + b for TI regions, we found that a and b are respectively 0.92, 0.34 and 0.37, 0.04 for the Persian Gulf and Oman sea, indicating that the flow in these regions is isopycnal in Oman sea but highly non isopycnal in the Persian Gulf. Therefore, mixing mechanisms are expected to be different in the two situations. Here the DOC fluxes have been estimated to be about 22 W/m2 for 0.5<Rp <1 and 2 W/m2 for 0.1<Rp <0.5. These fluxes can have substantial effects on THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION in this region and should be considered in any modeling problems.

Layered structures in the oceans have always attracted the attention of oceanographers. The formation of these structures have been attributed to phenomena such as double - diffusive convection, internal waves and turbulent modulated mixing .In this paper, the vertical structures of temperature, salinity, density and the layered structure in the middle parts of Caspian Sea have been studied. Counters of iso-quantities of these physical properties, show the existence of regular structures, which indicate that internal waves which are produced by exchanging flow between two basins, as a result of horizontal density gradients (usually from north basin to south basin) may generate these layers. Froude number of this flow is about one. The length of wave of the internal waves is found to be about 200 km and the flow velocity associated with this gravity drive flow is about 0.2 m/s, the frequency of these waves is of order of inertial frequency. The normal modes of  these waves have a near steady structure and can fold the inflow front from the North Caspian sea to South Caspian Sea basins, then the layered structure are formed. The thickness of these layers so formed is found to be about 10-20 m. These are in agreement with the values predicted by the model of Wong et ai, (2001). In these waters density ratio is negative. Thus, double - diffusive convection does not often happen and cannot produce these layered structures.

A three dimensional numerical model namely ROMS (Regional Ocean Modeling System) and observational data are used to study the THERMOHALINE front of Persian Gulf Outflow in the Oman Sea. The simulation results show the formation of a THERMOHALINE front at 80m depth in the direction of the north-east-southwest at the mouth of the Oman Sea. The seasonal THERMOHALINE front variability was also identified, during winter a heat and salty tongue stretches from the Strait of Hormuz to the continental shelf along the south Oman coast. During summer, it shows a current departing from the coast moving forward to the middle of the Oman Sea. THERMOHALINE front is observed throughout the year, in summer as unified and patchy in winter. Intrusion of warm and salty water of Persian Gulf into the Gulf of Oman displays a local increase in salinity in the middle layers in 150-450m and 100-400m depths in winter and summer respectively which expresses two boundaries in the upper and lower layers. Diffusive convection and salt fingering can be seen in both the upper and lower boundaries respectively. The complex ocean flow patterns are result of monsoons in the Oman sea area. During the winter monsoon, a single cyclonic gyre is often observed near 58◦ E and during the Southwest monsoon in summer, a dipolar eddy near Ras al Hamra and an anticyclone’ s gyre in 25° N are detected.

Thermoconvective instability in multi-component fluids has wide range of applications in heat and mass transfer. This paper deals with the theoretical investigation on a horizontal fluid layer of micropolar ferromagnetic fluid heated from below and salted from above saturating a porous medium subjected to a transverse uniform magnetic field using Brinkman model. The salt is a ferromagnetic salt which modifies the magnetic field established. The effect of salinity has been included in the magnetization and density of the ferromagnetic fluid. A theory of linear stability analysis and normal mode technique have been carried out to analyze the onset of convection for a fluid layer contained between two free boundaries for which exact solution is obtained and the stationary and oscillatory instabilities have been carried out for various physical quantities. The results are depicted graphically and the stabilizing and destabilizing behaviors are studied.

In this study, the roles of different driving forces of CIRCULATION (or flow) pattern of the Caspian Sea surface have been evaluated using COHERENS (a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model) for the year 2004. The model is based on the hydrostatic version of the Navier-Stokes equations. The hydrodynamic part of the model uses the equations of temperature and salinity, and the momentum equations use the Boussinesq approximation, an assumption of vertical hydrostatic equilibrium, and the continuity equation. The equations of the model are discretised on an Arakawa C-grid. The equations of momentum and continuity that are solved numerically use the mode-splitting technique. In order to simulate the CIRCULATION of the Caspian Sea, the gridded fields were chosen as 0.046×0.046 degrees along the horizontal directions, which gave a grid size of about 5 km, and 30 sigma layers along the vertical axis. The model was set up for three different forcing configurations. First, the effects of only wind forcing were evaluated using some field observations of wind-driven currents. In the second cofiguration, only the river driving-force was evaluated by the model and the flow fields were obtained. Finally, in the last configuration, all driving-forces such as wind forcing, air pressure, air temperature, precipitation rate, cloud cover and humidity along the initial conditions including temperature and salinity of the basin were examined in order to calculate the overall CIRCULATION of the Caspian Sea. The outputs and results showed that the approximate mean current created only by rivers was 1/10 of the CIRCULATION velocity created by the wind driving force and this was about 1/3 in May and June due to an increase in the discharge of the Volga River. However, the peak velocity of the wind-driven current was much less than that of the currents caused by the river Volga near its entrance. Because the wind forcing also plays an effective role in evaporation over the water surface, and changes the density of water masses, it could be considered a factor that indirectly contributed to the formation of currents as a result of the density gradient. Also the rivers, due to their low salinity and a different temperature, can change the water density creating currents resulted from the density gradient.Our results showed that the mean surface current speed for most of the year, regardless of the wind effect on the formation of currents, caused by density gradients, is caused mainly by the wind stress. Therefore, it could be concluded that the wind-driven forcing near the surface was the main cause of surface current formations of the Caspian Sea. Our results also showed that with all forcing THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION in the northern part of the Caspian Sea in cold seasons and deep basin water, CIRCULATIONs during the year were the main components of abyssal flows in the Caspian Sea. The interesting feature of the deep flow was the abyssal flow over the Abshooran sill (between the middle and southern basins of the Caspian Sea) that as it entered the southern basin it generated an isobathic flow in the deeper part of this basin.

Many appropriate and necessary phenomena and mechanisms have essential roles for transfer and diffusion of arriving solar radiation. from tropical regions to high latitudes and low latitudes.Atmospheric movements (winds) and oceanic movements (currents) are some parts of these mechanisms. Even different shear of them (movements) including vertical shear of them; have basic roles in the subject.Our goal in this research is familiarizing with oceanic efforts for transfer of sensible heat via thermal current and saline current those are special cases of dense current and those are vertical shear of geostrophic current.In connection with the subject; three versions of thermal current and three versions of saline current were introduced in Cartesian coordinates system and pressure coordinates system.Furthermore; other subjects related to thermal current and saline current. have been discussed expanded upon the research. Also. study of thermal current and saline current can enlighten deep sea dynamics and help to better understanding climate of deep oceans.Overall. these currents play a vital role in the ocean’s ecosystem. climate and weather patterns. and human activities. They also have a major influence on the distribution of heat. carbon and other elements in the ocean. and they support marine life. Understanding these currents is important for managing resources and predicting future changes in the ocean’s environment.

General CIRCULATION of Persian Gulf has a cyclonic pattern that affected by tide, wind stress and THERMOHALINE force. Although tidal force is very effective in values of current speed, but THERMOHALINE force is dominant in long time because tidal forcing has a short period and returning nature. Tide and density parameters are important in navigating and shipping, especially when ships approaching the shore and shallow water to determine the drainage of them. In this study using the Mike model based on the three-dimensional solution of the Navier Stokes equations, assumption of incompressibility, Boussinesq aproximation, and hydrostatic pressure, Persian Gulf CIRCULATION modelled. After model stability, the effects of tidal force on horizontal and vertical distribution of density were investigated. Results show that forcing of tide caused current direction be regular and without tidal force, wind stress dominates on isopycnal and turbulent pattern forms in sea surface layer especially in cool season. Also, with the elimination of the tide effect, the velocity of current is reduced to 75% and the water density is increased to 1-2 kg/m3. Density profile show that the Persian Gulf is a baroclinic environment and it is stronger in cool season relative to warm season. The impact of forces is not the same in different regions of the Persian Gulf, so that the effects on the change in density in the Strait of Hormuz are more perceptible and moving inward to the Gulf, the intensity of its effect is reduced.